@guamibear asks “how is the paleo diet different from others?”
The Paleo Diet is different because it’s based on evolutionary science. As a former anthropologist you should be able to get behind that, right?
Basically, humans haven’t evolved in the 10,000 years since the agricultural revolution, we just learned how to transition from a hunter gatherer lifestyle to an easier way of life. The only trade-off was our health and vitality.
Eating grains, dairy, and other neolithic junk, combined with a sedentary lifestyle and poor sleep has made modern man sick and weak. Aside from the obvious problems like obesity and diabetes, pretty much all modern diseases - cancer, heart disease, Parkinson’s, Alzheimers, even infertility - are a result of following misguided conventional diet wisdom regurgitated by the under-informed medical community.
Oh, and it seems to work too, but you don’t have to take my word for it! Check out the paleo pitch by the Whole 9 kids for a brief primer on what to eat. I’d also highly recommend reading The Paleo Solution by Robb Wolf for a much more detailed, albeit entertaining, answer.